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What Is Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey – Procedure

Arjun Barman,CE by Arjun Barman,CE
September 16, 2023
in Foundation Engineering
Reading Time: 3 mins read
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey

Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey

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Table of Contents

  • Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey
    • Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey Report Sample
    • Reference:
      • Electrical resistivity tomography survey?

Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey

Electrical resistivity tomography survey is a geophysical method for subsoil exploration. The electrical resistivity of any conducting material having a length L and an area of cross-section A can be defined as

\tag{3.84}\rho =\frac{RA}{L}

Where,
R= electrical resistance

    The unit of resistivity is ohm-meter or ohm centimeter. The resistivity of various soil depends on their moisture content and also on the concentration of dissolved irons in them. Dry soil and rocks have a high resistivity whereas saturated clays have a very low. The range of resistivity of various soil and rocks is given in Table 3.13.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey table
Representative Values of Resistivity

The most common procedure for measuring a soil profile’s electrical resistivity is using four electrodes driven into the ground and equally spaced along a straight line. The procedure is referred to as wenner method which is illustrated in Figure 3.48a.

Electrical-resistivity-survey-Wenner-method
Electrical-resistivity-survey-Wenner-method

The two outside electrodes (usually a dc current with nonpolarizing potential electrodes) are used to send an electrical current I into the ground. The current is typically a range between 50 to 100mA. The voltage drop V is measured between the two inside electrodes. If the soil profile is homogeneous then its electrical resistivity is

\tag{3.85}\rho =\frac{2\pi dV}{I}

In many cases, the soil profile may consist of various layers with different resistivity and Eq. (3.85) will give the apparent resistivity. To obtain the actual resistivity of various layers and their thicknesses, there has an empirical method that involves conducting tests at various electrode spacings. As shown in Figure 3.48b, the sum of apparent resistivities,   \sum{\rho } , is plotted against the spacing d.

Electrical-resistivity-survey-empirical-method
Electrical-resistivity-survey-empirical-method

Particularly the electrical resistivity tomography survey is useful in locating gravel deposits within a fine-grained soil. Some recent geophysical methods include ground penetrating radar (GPR), multichannel analysis of the surface waves (MASW), and spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW). The geophysical methods are very effective in covering large areas. In addition to determining the soil profile, these methods can also be used to determine the velocity of the shear wave which is an important property in dynamic soil problems.

See this video: how to practically do the electrical resistivity tomography survey

Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey Report Sample

Electrical-Resistivity-Tomography-Survey-Report-2D
Electrical-Resistivity-Tomography-Survey-Report-2D (source:terradat.co.uk)
Electrical-Resistivity-Tomography-Survey-Report-3D
Electrical-Resistivity-Tomography-Survey-Report-3D (source:terradat.co.uk)

Note: Equations and the number of equations which used in this article are taken from reference section source.

Reference:

Principles of Foundation Engineering (Ninth edition, 2019), “Braja M. Das, University Sacramento”, “Nagaratnam Sivakugan, College of Science & Engineering James Cook University”

Download This Article as PDF:

What is electrical resistivity tomography surveyDownload

Electrical resistivity tomography survey?

Electrical-resistivity-survey-Wenner-method

electrical resistivity tomography survey is a geophysical method for subsoil exploration. Generally, this method is used for subsurface exploration at large coverage terrain.

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Arjun Barman,CE

Arjun Barman,CE

Meet Arjun Barman, a civil engineering enthusiast on a mission to become a structural engineering maestro. With an unwavering passion for the art of building, Arjun shares his expertise and love for civil engineering through his engaging writing. Join him on his exciting journey through the world of structures, as he simplifies the complexities and makes the wonders of civil engineering come to life, one article at a time. Direct contact: [email protected]

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